On June 20th, during the 214th Ethereum Execution Layer Core Developer Meeting (ACDE), the core developer team finalized Fusaka's upgrade scope by adding just one proposal—EIP 7939—bringing the total to 12 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs). This marks Fusaka's official transition from planning to implementation.
As Ethereum's largest hard fork since The Merge, Fusaka is anticipated to deliver exponential scaling for L2 data space if launched by late 2025. Transaction fees on L2s could drop further within 1–2 years, solidifying Ethereum's competitive edge in blockchain.
The Logic Behind Ethereum’s Continuous Scaling Roadmap
Ethereum’s scalability issues once bottlenecked mainstream DApp adoption due to high L1 costs. Vitalik Buterin’s April data shows L1 throughput at 15 TPS with a 36M Gas limit—a 6x growth over the past decade.
L2 solutions have progressed even more dramatically, now handling ~250 TPS with sub-$0.01 transfer fees (down multiple orders of magnitude). Key milestones enabling this include:
- The Merge (2022): Transitioned Ethereum to PoS, freeing execution layer bandwidth.
- Dencun Upgrade (2024): Introduced Blob data for cheaper L2 temporary storage via EIP-4844.
- Pectra Upgrade (May 2025): Streamlined validator operations and enhanced PoS flexibility.
Fusaka represents the next critical step in this evolution.
Fusaka Upgrade: A Comprehensive Breakdown
The upgrade encompasses 12 EIPs across data availability, node lightening, EVM optimization, and execution/data layer synergy. Highlights include:
- EIP-7594 (PeerDAS): Implements Data Availability Sampling (DAS), allowing validators to verify Blob data partially, reducing network load.
- Blob Scaling: From 6 Blobs/block (Pectra) to 72 (phased rollout: 12–24 initially). Theoretical max with DAS: 512 Blobs/block.
- Verkle Trees: Enable stateless validation and light clients by compressing state proofs.
EVM Upgrades:
- EIP-7939 (CLZ opcode): Optimizes bitwise operations for cryptographic tasks.
- EIP-7951 (secp256r1 support): Enhances Web2/enterprise compatibility.
- EIP-7907: Expands contract size limits for complex logic deployment.
👉 Explore how Fusaka reshapes Ethereum’s L2 economics
To ensure stability, Fusaka introduces:
- EIP-7934: Dynamic block size limits.
- EIP-7892/7918: Adaptive Blob pricing to prevent abuse.
A Watershed Moment for Ethereum’s Usability?
Fusaka bridges scalability and usability across stakeholders:
- Rollup Devs: Lower data costs and richer interaction space.
- Infrastructure Providers: Nodes support higher loads/complexity.
- End Users: Cheaper, faster on-chain operations.
- Enterprises: Simplified state proofs ease regulatory compliance.
Note: Fusaka is still under testing across Devnets, with a tentative mainnet launch by late 2025. If successful, it could rival The Merge as a historic milestone.
FAQ Section
1. What makes Fusaka different from previous Ethereum upgrades?
Fusaka focuses on scaling L2s via Blob expansion and DAS, whereas past upgrades like The Merge targeted consensus (PoS) and Dencun introduced Blobs.
2. How will Fusaka reduce L2 transaction fees?
By increasing Blob capacity 12–24x, Rollups can batch more data off-chain, cutting L1 settlement costs per transaction.
3. Is Fusaka backward-compatible?
Yes. Existing contracts and dApps will function unchanged, but new EIPs like CLZ opcodes offer optional optimizations.
4. What’s the expected TPS impact?
L2s could reach tens of thousands TPS, enabling high-frequency DeFi/gaming applications.
5. When will Fusaka go live?
Targeting late 2025, pending testnet results and security audits.
👉 Stay updated on Ethereum’s roadmap milestones
Fusaka isn’t just a technical leap—it’s Ethereum’s gateway to mainstream adoption, blending enterprise readiness with user-friendly scaling. The era of affordable, high-speed blockchain applications is on the horizon.