Market Maker System: A Comprehensive Overview

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Understanding the Market Maker System

Market Maker System (Market Maker Rule) emerged relatively recently in financial markets. Over decades, while its core purpose remains unchanged, its external characteristics have continuously evolved. Definitions typically describe this system within securities markets:

The NASDAQ market pioneered this system in the 1970s, integrating it into futures exchanges like NYMEX and LME later.


Types of Market Maker Systems

  1. Monopolistic: Single market maker per security (e.g., NYSE), ensuring accountability but limiting competition.
  2. Competitive: Multiple market makers per security (e.g., NASDAQ), reducing spreads but increasing information fragmentation.

Key Functions

  1. Liquidity Provision: Ensures continuous trading.
  2. Price Stability: Mitigates volatility through active quoting.
  3. Imbalance Correction: Absorbs excess buy/sell orders.
  4. Price Manipulation Deterrence: Strong capital requirements discourage manipulation.
  5. Price Discovery: Competitive quotes converge toward fair value.

Market Maker System vs. Order-Driven Mechanism

| Aspect | Quote-Driven (Market Makers) | Order-Driven (Auctions) |
|---------------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| Price Formation | Set by dealers | Matched orders |
| Transaction Cost | Bid/ask spreads | Brokerage fees |
| Large Order Handling | Efficient | Slower |


Operational Mechanics

Market makers:


Clarifying Misconceptions

Market Makers ≠ Manipulators ("Zhuang Jia"):


Adoption in China

Securities Market

Futures Market


Global Insights

NASDAQ & HKEX Models:

Lesson: Competitive frameworks with robust oversight optimize market efficiency.


FAQs

Q1: How do market makers profit?
A: Through bid/ask spreads, balancing volume and risk.

Q2: Can market makers manipulate prices?
A: No—strict regulations mandate quote adherence and prohibit collusion.

Q3: Why introduce market makers in futures?
A: To enhance liquidity, especially for complex products like options.

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